Rose d'Inde (Tagetes erecta)

Publié jeudi 17 janvier 2013 Commenter 51
Rose d'Inde

Sommaire

Rose d'Inde : en bref

Nom scientifique
Tagetes erecta
Provenance / Origine
Mexique, Amérique centrale
Période de semi
Mars à Avril
Période de floraison
de juin au gelée
Couleur de floraison
jaune, orange, brun
Température
25° C
Exposition à la lumière
au soleil
Hauteur
20 à 80 cm
Acidité du sol
Neutre
Entretien
Supprimer régulièrement les fleurs fannées, éviter l'arrosage exessif pour ne pas attirer les escargots
Type biologique
annuel
Type de feuillage
persistant
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
les pucerons

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Asteridae
Ordre
Asterales
Famille
Asteraceae

Caractéristiques

La rose d’Inde est une plante robuste mesurant approximativement 80 cm, elle est originaire du  Mexique, Amérique centrale et de l'ouest de l'Amérique du Sud. Les roses d’Inde se spécifient par leurs grande valeur décorative, en assurant une floraison continue du mois d’août jusqu’aux gelées. Elle présente des tiges rameuses et des feuilles plus ou moins découpées suivant les différentes espèces. Les fleurs ont des couleurs vives, variant du jaune au brun en passant par toutes sortes de nuances d’orange et de rouge. Toute la plante exhale une odeur forte et pénétrante bien reconnaissable, elles servent aussi pour la fleur coupée, bien que leur odeur ne plaise pas à tous. De ce fait, on produit de plus en plus de variétés inodores, en particulier les hybrides F1, aux capitules de très grande taille.

Culture

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Les roses d’Inde sont des plantes vigoureuses de culture relativement facile, ils s’adaptent sur beaucoup de sols mais poussent mieux dans les sols humides. Ils peuvent tout de même supporter la sécheresse et le froid, se plaisant d’avantage dans les emplacements à exposition ensoleillée. Pour une bonne culture de cette plante, arroser la régulièrement mais peu, à peu près trois fois par semaine. Enlever les tiges et fleurs fanées, tailler modérément permet l’émission de nouvelles pousses à fleurs. Semer en mars-avril en caissette et sous abri à environ 20° C. Repiquez les en godets après la levée. Endurcissez les jeunes plants en les aérant et en les sortant ou alors repiquez-les sous châssis ou en pépinière bien exposée. Mettez en place en mai, en espaçant de 20 à 30 cm, en fonction des différentes variétés. Vous pouvez aussi semer sous châssis ou en pépinière en avril avant d’éclaircir et de mettre en place en juin. La floraison sera alors un peu plus tardive.

Multiplication

Les roses d’Inde se transplantent sans difficulté avec leurs mottes. Vous pourrez procéder aux semis sur couche et sous abri vers le mois de mars. Vous pourrez alors repiquer en godets sous pépinière, abritée si possible, ou sous châssis aussitôt que les jeunes plants auront fait leurs premières feuilles. La mise en place s’effectuera quand les gelées seront finies, ce qui a lieu entre le 10 et le 20 mai sous climat parisien. La reprise n’est pas problématique tant que les pieds n’ont pas été transférés en godets ou  transplantés en mottes. Il faut arroser copieusement après la mise en place. Pailler le sol pour maintenir une fraicheur bénéfique au pied des plantes. Espacer les plantes d’environ 20 cm pour les variétés naines, et de 40 cm pour les variétés plus hautes.


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