La châtaigne de terre (Lathyrus tuberosus L.)

Publié vendredi 15 août 2014 Commenter 35
Châtaigne de terre

Sommaire

La châtaigne de terre : en bref

Nom scientifique
Lathyrus tuberosus L.
Provenance / Origine
Europe
Période de semi
Printemps
Période de floraison
Juin à août
Couleur de floraison
Rose vif
Reproduction
Graines et tubercules
Hauteur
40 cm à 1.20 m
Type biologique
vivace
Maladies
Aucune
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Aucun
Période de récolte
2 à 4 ans après semis

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Rosidae
Famille
Fabacées (Légumineuses)

La châtaigne de terre, un tubercule trop peu connu

La gesse tubéreuse, aussi appelée châtaigne de terre, gland de terre ou pois tubéreux, est originaire d'Europe. Elle semble connue depuis la fin du XVIIIème siècle et appartient à la famille des pois. Cette plante vivace possède des tiges grimpantes pouvant mesurer 40 cm à 1.20 m. Ses feuilles se terminent par des vrilles. Ses fleurs, rose vif, regroupées par 3 à 5 à l'aisselle des feuilles fleurissent de juin à août. Elles sont très odorantes et mesurent 1 cm.

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Cette plante se propage par des tubercules ovoïdes, de 10 à 15 cm de long, portés par les racines adventices. Ils acquièrent leur taille maximale après 3 ou 4 ans. Chaque tubercule produit une nouvelle plante à partir d'un bourgeon développé au sommet du tubercule.

Comment cultiver la châtaigne de terre ?

La gesse tubéreuse apprécie les sols argilo-calcaires légers et bien aérés. Cette plante est très rustique : ni maladies ni parasites ne sont à noter.

Rendez le terrain bien meuble avant le semis ou la plantation. Semez les graines de la châtaigne de terre au printemps, par groupe de 4 ou 5 graines. Espacez-les de 40 à 50 cm entre chaque groupe et entre chaque rang. Il est également possible de mettre en terre de la même façon, des tubercules munis d'au moins un bourgeon. Dans ce cas, enfoncez les tubercules à 10 ou 15 cm de profondeur.

Tout au long de la croissance de votre culture, binez, arrosez et apportez régulièrement du compost au pied de vos plants. Si possible, épandez des déchets végétaux sur le sol nu entre les plants : cette méthode retient l'humidité dans le sol et enrichit ce dernier. Il est possible de butter vos châtaignes de terre, de même que pour les pommes de terre, pour faciliter l'arrachage ultérieur.

Récolte et conservation

La croissance des tubercules est très lente. Aussi la récolte n'aura lieu que 2 à 4 ans après le semis. Les tubercules se conservent pendant plusieurs mois dans un endroit sec et aéré. Au fur et à mesure de votre consommation et de leur croissance, cueillez les jeunes pousses, les feuilles, les fleurs, les gousses et les graines.

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