Agapanthe (Agapanthus praecox)

Publié lundi 21 janvier 2013 Commenter 78
Agapanthe

Sommaire

Agapanthe : en bref

Nom scientifique
Agapanthus praecox
Provenance / Origine
Afrique du Sud
Période de semi
Septembre-octobre
Période de floraison
mai-juin dans le sud, juillet-août ailleurs
Couleur de floraison
Bleu ou violet
Température
Rustique jusqu'à -8°C
Exposition à la lumière
Forte ou mi ombre
Reproduction
Semis après floraison ou Division du rhizome
Hauteur
1 mètre
Acidité du sol
Neutre ou légèrement basique
Entretien
Amendement et arrosage hebdomadaire en début de croissance
Type biologique
Vivace
Maladies
champignons: Fusariose, pourriture grise(Botrytis), mildiou et bactérie: pourriture molle
Type de feuillage
Persistant si l'hiver est clément
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Limaces, cochenille farineuse

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Liliopsida
Sous-classe
Liliidae
Ordre
Liliales
Famille
Liliaceae

La fleur de L'amour

Agapanthus praecox ou Agapanthe commune est aussi appelée fleur de l'amour. Cette plante à l'allure assez spectaculaire nous vient d'Afrique de Sud. C'est une monocotylédone au large feuillage vert profond duquel jaillit en été des tiges aux fleurs en ombelles bleues du plus bel effet. Elle se trouve classiquement dans les jardins méditerranéens mais peut être invitée dans le vôtre pour peu que votre climat hivernal ne soit pas trop rude. Sinon, vous pourrez toujours la mettre en pot pour pouvoir la rentrer durant la mauvaise saison. Une terre bien drainée et riche en humus lui conviendra pour le mieux et si vous parvenez à la protéger des limaces, cette jolie plante vous gâtera de ses belles fleurs d'amour chaque année. L'espèce se décline en plusieurs sous-espèces et vous pourrez les associer dans vos jardins avec les fleurs blanches légères des sanguisorbes ou des érigérons.


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Plantez votre Agapanthe dans un endroit partiellement ombragé si vous êtes en climat particulièrement chaud ou complétement dégagé sinon afin qu'elle bénéficie d'une bonne exposition. Néanmoins, vous pourrez donner une certaine densité au massif en plantant les pieds à 20 ou 30cm de distance, mais n'ayez crainte que la plante se chargera de prendre ses aises au fil des ans si elle a de la place. En effet, son rhizome sous-terrain est initialement constitué d'une unité de croissance qui se multipliera pour donner plusieurs nouvelles unités de croissance. Chaque unité de croissance fleurit donne des fleurs quand elle arrive à maturité. Vous comprenez alors que votre plant d'Agapanthe va s'étendre et donnera quelques années après l'avoir mis en place de nombreuses tiges fleuries d'ombelles.

Les premières années de sa vie, cette fleur appréciera un bon arrosage hebdomadaire pendant l'été ainsi qu'une fertilisation pour aider son développement. Une fois que la plante aura atteint une bonne taille elle ne sera plus si assoiffée et pourra être oubliée par l'arrosage sans problème pendant quelques semaines. L'hiver par contre, éviter à la plante d'être dans une terre trop humide, un paillage pourra aider à endiguer l'eau des fortes pluies; il sera également bienvenu pour conserver la chaleur du sol et empêcher la plante de geler.

Le principal ennemi de l'Agapanthus praecox est la limace qu'il vous sera possible de tenir à l'écart par un dépôt de cendres (qui sera également un amendement en potasse pour le sol) au niveau des souches pendant l'hiver ou d'autres techniques plus visibles : par exemple, des planches de bois dans votre jardin seront des refuges humides où les rampantes viendront se réfugier pendant le journée; vous n'aurez alors plus qu'à les retirer manuellement!


Propagation : Des semences dessus et dessous

Déterrez et Divisez les rhizomes d'un pied d'agapanthe et gardez les plus vigoureux pour obtenir de nouvelles semences. Vous pourrez aussi récolter les graines formées à l'arrivée de l'hiver sur les tiges mais les plants mettront plus de temps à fleurir que ceux issus des rhizomes.


Belle mais dangereuse

L'Agapanthe est à tenir hors de portée des enfants qui s'amuseraient à en croquer les feuilles épaisses. Sa sève est toxique et provoque des douleurs dans la bouche si elle est mangée, des irritations et des sensations de brûlure sur la peau. Malgré ces constats reconnus, le principe actif responsable n'a pas pu être isolé à l'heure actuelle. Apparemment, même les plantes les plus communes n'ont pas livré tous leur secrets!


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