Pin Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

Publié mardi 16 décembre 2014 Commenter 52
Pin douglas

Sommaire

Pin Douglas : en bref

Nom scientifique
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Provenance / Origine
Etats-Unis
Période de semi
Automne
Température
Résistant
Exposition à la lumière
Soleil à mi-ombre
Reproduction
Semis
Hauteur
80 m
Acidité du sol
Acide
Entretien
Arrosage
Type biologique
Vivace
Type de feuillage
Persistant
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Insectes (hyménoptères)

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Coniferophyta
Classe
Pinopsida
Sous-classe
Caryophyllidae
Famille
Pinacées

Le pin de Douglas, un grand conifère cultivé dans nos forêts

Le pin de Douglas, aussi appelé sapin de Douglas, est un arbre très connu dans le commerce du bois. Il s'appelle encore pin d'Oregon. En Amérique du Nord, il est très présent. Différentes variétés existent : le Douglas Bleu, le Douglas du Japon, le Douglas de Californie. Le Douglas du Japon a la particularité d'être très rustique, mais est peu cultivé, contrairement aux autres.

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Cette espèce apprécie les terrains rocheux ou sableux, peu calcaires, où elle prospère jusqu'à 1800 m d'altitude. Le pin de Douglas apprécie les zones à fortes précipitations, où il peut atteindre 50 m de haut. Il y a alors un risque que sa cyme soit endommagée par le vent. Le pin de Douglas présente des aiguilles persistantes, et produit des cônes d'une petite dizaine de centimètres de long.

L'historique du Douglas

L'espèce a été introduite en Europe au XIXème siècle, où elle est aujourd'hui très cultivée. Cela pose cependant, en France, des problèmes de dégradation des sols et d'appauvrissement de la biodiversité.

Quelle variété choisir ?

La variété la plus appréciée comme plante d'ornement dans les jardins, est le Douglas Bleu, ou Sapin bleu de Douglas. Comme son nom l'indique, ses épines sont d'une couleur bleutée caractéristique. Cette variété, au contraire du Douglas vert, tolère bien les sols secs. Adulte, il mesurera une dizaine de mètres.

Comment planter le pin Douglas ?

Choisissez un emplacement en pleine lumière. Le Douglas tolère bien le soleil, en revanche il supporte mal l'ombre. Attention : pensez que le Douglas grandit beaucoup, il est donc plus prudent de le planter éloigné de toute habitation.

Si vous plantez un Douglas vert, veillez à l'arroser régulièrement durant ses premières années.

En raison de sa croissance rapide, le Douglas doit être protégé contre les dégâts dus au vent. Si son emplacement est exposé, il est conseillé de l'attacher à un tuteur. Vous pourrez enlever le tuteur lorsque votre plant atteindra 5 m de hauteur : il sera alors assez solide.

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