Arbre aux papillons (Buddleja davidii)

Publié lundi 28 janvier 2013 Commenter 55
Arbre aux papillons (Buddleia de David)

Sommaire

Arbre aux papillons : en bref

Nom scientifique
Buddleja davidii
Provenance / Origine
Chine
Période de semi
Printemps (mars)
Période de floraison
Juillet à octobre
Couleur de floraison
Pourpre ou lila (cœur jaune)
Température
Climat tempéré, résiste au gel
Exposition à la lumière
Plein soleil
Composition du sol
Terre franche, plus ou moins riche
Hauteur
3 à 5m
Acidité du sol
Neutre à large amplitude
Entretien
Taille en mars (un quart des branches)
Type biologique
Vivace
Type de feuillage
Caduc

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Asteridae
Ordre
Scrophulariales
Famille
Buddlejaceae

Rustique et peu exigeant

L’arbre aux papillons supporte sans trop de problème des périodes de sécheresse tout autant que les gelées en hiver. Seul un trop grand excès d’eau dans le sol peut lui être néfaste. Aussi appelé « lilas d’été » en raison de ses fleurs, il sera même généralement encore plus beau cultivé sur un sol moins riche, sans quoi il privilégiera le développement des feuilles, parfois au détriment des fleurs. Les arrosages tout comme l’apport d’engrais sont inutiles sauf exception, et le buddleia de David ne craint pas spécialement de parasite.

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Le seul entretien important est la taille : une première, sévère, au mois de mars est nécessaire pour maîtriser le port du plant et renforcer la floraison ; une seconde au début de l’été (jeunes pousses uniquement, environ de moitié) peut permettre d’allonger la floraison.

Si vous voulez papillonner dans le jardin…

L’arbre aux papillons, comme son nom l’indique, est apprécié par les papillons adultes pour le nectar de ses fleurs aussi très parfumées. Cela peut être un bon moyen de les attirer pour les observer dans votre jardin. Sa floraison longue et colorée, en pannicule, en fait un arbuste ornemental très apprécié. Il existe d’ailleurs plusieurs variétés de couleurs différentes (rose, rouge, bleu…). Il peut être planté isolé, en haie simple ou dans un massif.

Une espèce invasive

Cependant, l’arbre aux papillons est devenu une espèce assez invasive, qui a tendance à coloniser de nombreux milieux, souvent au détriment d’espèces autochtones qu’il concurrence du fait de sa rusticité. Les chenilles qui se nourrissent des feuilles de ces espèces ne consomment en revanche pas celles du buddleia de David. Il se développera bien en bord de route ou sur les voies de chemin de fer, ce qui attire les papillons dans des milieux qui ne leur sont pas favorables (zones polluées).

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