Greffe des tomates

Publié dimanche 04 mai 2014 Commenter 46
plant de tomates en fructification

Sommaire

Pourquoi greffer les plants de tomate ?

La tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) est le deuxième légume le plus consommé au monde. Elle a été ramenée des Amériques au XVIème siècle et s’est répandue à travers le monde depuis lors. C’est un légume couramment cultivé dans nos jardins mais toutes les personnes l'ayant déjà cultivé connaissent ses exigences en matière de température, d’exposition, de sols,etc. La greffe de tomates peut être une idée surprenante au premier abord, puisque nous sommes bien plus habitués aux greffes d’arbres, mais elle permet d’accroître la vigueur de vos plants (et donc la qualité de la tomate) ainsi que d’augmenter leur résistance aux maladies (infections bactériennes, viroses…).

Quand greffer vos plants de tomates ?

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Vous sèmerez vos tomates vers la fin de l’hiver (mi-mars) ou au début du printemps. L’époque de greffe se fera en fonction de votre date de semis, sachant qu’il faut que votre plant de tomate ait une hauteur de 15-20cm pour pouvoir subir la greffe.

Quels greffons, quels porte-greffes ?

Pour le greffon, il n’existe pas de conseil général. Votre greffon sera issu du plant de tomate qui possède les caractéristiques qui vous intéressent (forme, saveur, couleur…). Certains jardiniers greffent des variétés anciennes de tomates sur des porte-greffes plus résistants, pour permettre la conservation des variétés d’antan.

Pour le porte-greffe, il doit surtout être adapté à vos conditions de culture. Notez qu’il existe un certain nombre de variétés vendues en pépinières particulièrement adaptées à la greffe.

Quelles méthodes employer pour greffer vos tomates ?

Pour la greffe des tomates, toutes les méthodes de greffe de rameaux conviennent :

  • Greffe en fente: le porte-greffe est rabattu, fendu, et le greffon, taillé en lame à double face, est inséré dans la fente. On ligature ensuite.
  • Greffe à l’anglaise simple : greffon et porte-greffe sont taillés de la même manière : en biseau à simple face. Les deux faces des biseaux sont complémentaires. Il faut les accoler et ligaturer.
  • Greffe anglaise à cheval : le greffon est taillé en triangle, le porte-greffe en V, où s’insère le greffon.
  • Greffe par perforation latérale : on perfore la tige du porte-greffe à 45° par rapport à l’horizontal, et on insère le greffon dans cette perforation.

  • Greffe au cure-dent : on rabat le porte greffe, et on « vide » les premiers millimètres de la tige de celui-ci avec un cure-dent, pour y insérer le greffon, préalablement taillé.

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