La couche chaude

Publié jeudi 30 mai 2013 Commenter 28
semis en couche chaude

Sommaire

Un chauffage naturel pour des semis précoces

Le semis sur couche chaude est une technique écologique et économique pour réaliser des semis dès janvier, alors que l’hiver n’est pas encore terminé. Il repose sur l’utilisation de la chaleur émise par la fermentation d’un fumier pour chauffer un châssis ou une serre. C’est une technique ancestrale qui est adoptée par de plus en plus de jardiniers aujourd’hui.

Comment construire une couche chaude ?

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Il s’agit tout d’abord de choisir l’emplacement de votre couche chaude. Si vous souhaitez mettre en place celle-ci sous un châssis, choisissez un emplacement ensoleillé et de préférence à l’abri du vent.

Creusez un trou d’environ 40 cm de profondeur sur la surface nécessaire pour vos semis. Attention, pensez à déposer la terre que vous pelletez sur une bâche, vous en aurez besoin pour la suite. Il est recommandé de déposer une couche de graviers au fond du trou pour le drainage.

Ensuite, mettez une couche de fumier sur environ 30 cm. Le plus efficace car c’est celui qui chauffe le plus est le fumier de cheval. Mais il est aussi possible d’utiliser du fumier de bovins ou d’ovins qui vont chauffer moins fort mais plus longtemps. L’idéal étant un mélange des deux types de fumiers. Il est aussi conseillé de mettre dans un premier temps une couche de fumier brut, bien frais puis une couche de fumier bien mûr ensuite. Tassez bien avec vos pieds.

Enfin recouvrez avec la terre que vous avez sortie du trou mélangée à du terreau. Assurez-vous que cette couche est bien travaillée finement pour que vos semis lèvent sans encombre. Si votre couche chaude est sous un châssis, laissez au moins un espace de 15 cm entre la surface de la couche et la vitre.

Quelques conseils

Une fois votre couche chaude construite, vous devez attendre quelques jours avant de semer pour que la température ne soit pas trop élevée. Utilisez un thermomètre pour vérifier.

Limitez les arrosages de la couche chaude car cela favorise les maladies.

Si vous n’avez pas de fumiers de cheval, vous pouvez quand même réaliser une couche chaude : procurez-vous un sac de fertilisant à base de fumier de cheval et mélangez celui-ci avec de la paille, des débris végétaux et du sang desséché. Sinon, la bonne astuce est de demander aux centres équestres, en effet, ils en donnent souvent facilement.

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